isiZulu
Kwadalwa ngo 02.09
Umthelela wezinhlelo zamabhuleki ekusebenzeni kwezimoto
Uhlelo Oluhle Lwebhuleki lwenziwa okungaphezu kokumisa imoto; luthuthukisa ukubhekana, lukhulisa ukuzethemba, futhi luqinisekisa ukuphepha.Amabhuleki agcinwe kahleathuthukisa ukujika, ukuqondisa, kanye nokulinganisela kwesisindo.
Ukubopha kuguqula ukusabalala kwesisindo nokudonsa, okuthinta ukuqondisa. Isimo izingxenye zebhuleki—amaphedi, ama-rotor, ama-caliper, kanye nomjikelezo—kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa, ukushayela edolobheni, noma ezimeni ezimanzi neziyintshe.
Isiqondiso se-NHTSA sibonisa ukuthi ukubopha okusebenzayo kunciphisa ubungozi bokuphahlazeka futhi kuthuthukisa ukulawula. Lesi sihloko sizobheka izinto eziyisisekelo zesistimu yamabhuleki, imiphumela yezingxenye ezidliwe ekuqondiseni, indima ye-ABS, amathiphu okugcinwa, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza, kanye nomthelela wokubopha ekulawuleni.
Izinto eziyisisekelo zesistimu yamabhuleki nokuthi amabhuleki athinta kanjani ukulawula
I-brake system ibalulekile ukwehlisa imoto. Ukuqonda izinto eziyisisekelo kusiza abashayeli nabakhandi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokulawula.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko: amaphedi amabhuleki, ama-rotor amabhuleki, ama-caliper amabhuleki, kanye nomjikelezo wamabhuleki
Amaphedi amabhuleki anciphisa imoto futhi iza ngezinto ezahlukene, njengezinto zemvelo, ezensimbi, nezamatshe.
Ukushisa kwenziwa futhi kukhishwe ama-rotor amabhuleki; ama-rotor anomoya aphola ngokushesha kunezingqinamba eziqinile.
Amaphedi acindezelwa ku-rotors ngama-caliper amabhuleki. Ngenkathi izimoto ezonga imali zivame ukusebenzisa ama-caliper anepiston eyodwa, izimoto ezisebenza kahle zine-multi-piston calipers ezithinta ukuqondisa nokuguga kwamaphedi.
Amandla avela ku-pedal adluliswa ubuchwepheshe boketshezi lwebhuleki. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-DOT fluids zinezinga lokubilisa elihlukile; amazinga aphezulu okubilisa aqinisekisa umuzwa we-pedal ongaguquki ngaphansi kokubhalisa okwedlulele.
Umthelela wamandla okubhalisa ekudlulisweni kwesisindo sezimoto
Ngokuhambisa isisindo phambili, ukubhalisa kushintsha ibhalansi, kwandisa ukubamba kwamathayi angaphambili ngenkathi kunciphisa umthwalo wangemuva.
Uma ubhuleka uqonde, imoto iba nzima ngaphambili, futhi uma ujika, ngaphambili kulayishwa kakhulu. Ukulayisha kakhulu ngemuva kungadala ukushelela.
Ukulawula ukudluliswa kwesisindo ngokubheka okubushelelezi kuthuthukisa ukubhekana nokubikezela.
Ubuhlobo phakathi kwamandla okumisa nokuzinza kwekhona
Amabhuleki aqinile athuthukisa isivinini nokuphepha. Amaphedi anolaka nama-rotor amakhulu ahlinzeka ngokumisa okusheshayo kodwa angaphazamisa ibhalansi.
Ukwandisa ukuhlasela kungaholela ekudonseni noma ekukhiyeni amasondo. Ukubheka okulinganiselayo kuvumela ukulawula okungcono ngenkathi kuncishiswa isivinini.
Ikhwalithi yoketshezi lwebhuleki ibalulekile ekubhekeni okusebenzayo. Uketshezi olubi lungadala ama-pedal athambile. Ukufanisa amaphedi, ama-rotor, nama-caliper kuthuthukisa amandla okumisa nokuzinza.
Indlela isimo sezinto zamabhuleki esithinta ngayo impendulo yokushayela
Amaphutha ezingxenyeni zamabhuleki angaholela ezinkingeni zokushayela. Amaphedi amabhuleki agugile nama-rotor angalingani athinta ukubopha. Ama-caliper anamathelayo noma uketshezi oludala nakho kuguqula umuzwa wepedali.
Lezi zinkinga zibangela ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile kwamabhuleki lapho ushayela.
Amamaphedi agugile kanye nokuhlanekezela kwe-rotor: izimpawu kanye nemiphumela yokubhekana nayo
Bheka ukuncipha kokubamba kanye nokuma okude. Ungase uzwe ukukhala noma uzwe ukudonsa lapho ubopha. Ukuguga okubonakalayo noma ama-rotor angalingani akhombisa inkinga.
Ukuhlanekezela kwe-rotor okubangelwa ukushisa noma ukudluliswa okungalungile kwamaphedi kungabangela ukuzulazula. Ukudlidliza kanye nesivinini esingalingani kwenza ukushayela kungabi namandla.
Ukusebenza kwe-caliper kanye namandla okubopha angalingani
Ama-caliper anamathelayo angadala ukuthi isondo elilodwa libophe kakhulu, lidonse imoto futhi libangele ukuguga okungalingani kwamathayi. Izimbangela ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa ukugqwala kanye nezimpawu ezonakele.
Ama-caliper amaningi-piston adinga ukulungiswa kahle. Ukuhlola njalo kuvimbela ukubopha okungalingani futhi kugcina ukushayela.
Amaphuzu abilayo, umuzwa we-pedal, kanye nekhwalithi yoketshezi lwebhuleki
Amatshezi anesisekelo seglycol athatha umswakama, okwehlisa amaphuzu abilayo futhi kwandise ingozi ye-vapor lock. I-Vapor yenza umuzwa we-pedal ube mthambile.
Noma i-DOT 5 esekelwe ku-silicone ayithandi umswakama, ingalimaza izinhlelo ze-ABS. Ukushayela nokuphepha kuthintwa yi-pedal ethambile.
Ukutholwa kwezinkinga kusenesikhathi kungenzeka ngokuhlolwa okulula. Hlola ubukhulu be-pad, izindawo ze-rotor, nombala woketshezi. Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo kwe-pedal kungabonisa ukuthi amabhuleki adinga ukulungiswa yini. Uma amabhuleki edonsa noma ezizwa ethambile, funa usizo kuchwepheshe.
Ngeminye imininingwane ngokuthi amathayi nokuhlelwa kuthinta kanjani amabhuleki, funda leincwajana yokubamba kwamathayi nokuhlelwa. Amathayi amahle nokuhlelwa kusiza izingxenye zamabhuleki zisebenze kahle, kugcinwe ukushayela kubukhali.
Uhlelo lwamabhuleki angakhiyi (Antilock braking system) nezinsiza zikagesimende zithuthukisa ukulawula
Uhlelo lokuvimbela ukukhiya kwamabhuleki (ABS) lusebenzisa izinzwa kanye ne-hydraulic modulator ukuqapha amasondo futhi lilungise ingcindezi yamabhuleki, livimbele ukukhiya.
Uma luvuliwe, ungase uzwe ukudikiza futhi uzwe imisindo yokuchofoza, okubonisa ukusebenza kahle.
Indlela i-ABS evimbela ngayo ukukhiya amasondo futhi igcine ukushayela ngesikhathi sokumisa ngokungazelelwe
I-ABS ivimbela ukukhiya amasondo, okuvumela ukushayela uzungeze izithiyo. Ngaphandle kwayo, ukushelela kungadala ukulahlekelwa ukulawula.
Nge-ABS, abashayeli bagcina ingcindezi futhi bashayele endaweni ephephile.
Ukuhlanganiswa nohlelo lokulawula ukudonsa kanye nohlelo lokuzinza
Izimoto ezine-ABS nazo zine-traction control kanye ne-stability control, ezisebenzisa izinzwa ezifanayo. I-traction control ivimbela ukushelela kwamathayi ngesikhathi sokusheshisa.
I-stability control isebenzisa amabhuleki futhi yehlisa amandla ukuze igcine indlela. Lezi zinhlelo zidinga uhlelo oluhle lwamabhuleki.
Izimo zangempela: umthelela we-ABS ezindaweni ezimanzi neziyikhephu
Emigwaqweni emanzi, i-ABS isiza ukujikisa futhi ivimbele ukushelela. Esiqhweni, iyasiza kodwa ayikwazi ukunqoba imithetho yemvelo; amabanga okumisa angase abe made.
Abashayeli base-U.S. kufanele bandise ibanga lokulandela futhi bavumele i-ABS isebenze. Gwema ukucindezela amabhuleki ezimotweni zesimanje.
Imikhiqizo emikhulu efana ne-Ford ne-Toyota ifaka i-ABS ezimweni eziningi ezintsha. Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe, hlola lo mhlahlandlela.
Ingxenye | Indima | Isikhombisi Somshayeli |
Izinzwa zesivinini samasondo | Zithola ukujikeleza kwesondo futhi zikhombe ukuthi ukukhiya sekuzokwenzeka | Ukukhanya kwe-ABS uma kunokukhubazeka |
I-Hydraulic modulator | Ikhuphula futhi yehlise ingcindezi yamabhuleki ngokushesha | Ukudlidlizela kwephedali ngesikhathi sokusebenza |
I-ABS control module | Ihlaziya idatha yenzwa futhi ilawula i-modulator | Amakhodi okuhlola uhlelo uma kunokukhubazeka |
Ukulawula ukudonsa | Isebenzisa amabhuleki ukunciphisa ukujikeleza kwesondo ngesikhathi sokusheshisa | Ukubopha okungapheli ngesivinini esiphansi |
Ukulawula ukuzinza | Kusebenzisa ukuhamba okukh targeted futhi kunciphisa amandla enjini ukuze kugcinwe indlela ehleliwe | Ukufaka izithuthuthu ezisheshayo, ezincane ngesikhathi sokujika |
Izindlela zokugcina izithuthuthu ukuze kugcinwe ukuphathwa nokuphepha
Ukugcina izithuthuthu zemoto zisesimweni esihle kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha kokushayela. Ukuhlola njalo nokulungisa kuvinjwa ukuhamba okungalingani futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo ze-ABS ne-ESC zisebenza.
Landela izinhlelo zokuhlola: hlola ama-brake pads nama-rotors njalo emakhilomitha angu-6,000–12,000 noma njalo lapho ushintsha uwoyela. Hlola i-brake fluid okungenani minyaka yonke; shintsha njalo eminyakeni engu-1–2 noma njengoba kunconywa. Hlola ngokushesha uma uhambisa noma ushayela ngokuqinile.
Bheka izimpawu ezidinga ukulungiswa kwe-brake: izwi lokugaya, amandla ancishisiwe, ukuhamba okude, noma iphedali ethambile. Uma uqaphela ukuhamba kokushayela noma izibani ze-ABS, kufanele ihlolwe.
Imisebenzi ejwayelekile igcina izithuthuthu zithembekile. Faka ama-pads nama-rotors amasha njengoba kunconywa.
Gcoba izikhonkwane zesiqondisi bese uhlola izilayidi ze-caliper. Faka izintambo ezihlukene ukuze ugweme ukuvuza. Hlanza uhlelo ngomswakama ohambelana ne-DOT bese ulandela imihlahlandlela. Imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, sebenzisa isitolo esiqinisekisiwe.
Imikhuba emincane ibalulekile. Landelela ubukhulu bamaphedi, ukugijima kwe-rotor, nokushintsha komswakama. Xazulula imisindo yamabhuleki nokushintsha kwe-pedal ngokushesha ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezinkulu. Amabhuleki anakekelwe kahle athuthukisa umuzwa wokushayela futhi agcine i-ABS/ESC isebenza emigwaqweni emanzi.
Into | Isikhathi Sokuhlola | Nini Ukufaka Esikhundleni | Amanothi |
Amabhlokhi amabhuleki | Njalo ngo-6,000–12,000 miles | Ubukhulu bungalingani noma bungaphansi kobuncane bomkhiqizi; ukugaya okuzwakala | Faka esikhundleni ngamapheya afanayo we-axle; sebenzisa izingxenye ezilingana ne-OEM noma ezingcono kakhulu |
Ama-rotor amabhuleki | Njalo ngo-6,000–12,000 miles (isheke elibonakalayo) | Ukuphambuka okukhulu, ukuklwebheka, noma ngaphansi kobukhulu obuncane | Umshini kuphela uma ungaphakathi kwemigomo; shintsha kokubili ama-rotor ku-axle uma engakafiki |
Uketshezi lwebhuleki | Ukuhlolwa konyaka | Ukungcola, umbala omnyama, noma ngokohlelo lomkhiqizi (iminyaka 1-2) | Qinisekisa ukuthi kusetshenziswa uketshezi lwe-DOT olufanele; khetha iphuzu eliphezulu lokubilisa kwezicelo zokusebenza |
Izingxenye ze-caliper nezimpondo | Ukuhlolwa konyaka noma ngenkathi kufakwa amaphedi amasha | Izingxenye ezinamathelayo, izimpawu ezivuza, noma izihlahla ezilimele | Gcoba izikhonkwane zesiqondisi; faka esikhundleni izihlahla zenjoloba ezindala |
Izinhlelo ze-ABS/ESC | Ukuskena nokuhlolwa konyaka noma lapho izibani zezixwayiso zikhanya | Isibani sezixwayiso esikhanyisiwe noma ubukhona bamakhodi wephutha | Ukuxilongwa okusheshayo kugcina ukusebenza kahle kohlelo |
Ukwandisa nokuguqula okuthuthukisa ukusingatha imoto
Ukuthuthukisa izingxenye zamabhuleki kuthuthukisa ngqo ukusingatha. Ukushintsha amaphedi, ama-rotor, ama-caliper, nomswakama kuthuthukisa umuzwa we-pedal, kunciphisa ukubuna, futhi kugcina amathayi esebenza ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa kakhulu.
Amaphedi namarotor amabhuleki okusebenza: izinzuzo kanye nokushintshana
Izinhlanganisela zamaphedi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zithuthukisa ukungqubuzana nokubamba ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu.
Imiklamo ekhethekile yama-rotor isakaza igesi nokushisa, yehlisa ukubuna futhi ithuthukise ukuzinza kokumisa.
Nokho, amanye amaphedi angaba nomsindo, akhiqize uthuli olwengeziwe, futhi agqoke ama-rotor ngokushesha, adinge isikhathi eside ukuze afudumale.
Amakhithi amabhuleki amakhulu, ama-caliper anama-piston amaningi, nokubuna okuncishisiwe
Amakhithi amabhuleki amakhulu anama-rotor amakhulu nama-caliper anama-piston amaningi anamandla okubopha athuthukisiwe, ukumelana nokubuna okungcono, nokulawula.
Nokho, engeza isisindo, ibize kakhulu, futhi ingase ingalingani namasondo noma ama-hubs akho. Qinisekisa ukuthi ilingana ngaphambi kokuthenga.
Ukukhetha uketshezi lwamabhuleki olufanele nemigqa yokusebenzisa ithrekhi ngokumelene nomgwaqo
Ukuze uyeke ngamandla, sebenzisa uketshezi lwebhuleki oluphakeme kakhulu njenge-DOT 4 noma i-DOT 5.1 ukuze uvimbele ukubilisa nokugcina ubuqine bepedali.
Imigqa yensimbi engagqwalile ethungwe ngayo ithuthukisa umuzwa wepedali ngesikhathi sokubopha ngamandla. Gwema uketshezi lwe-DOT 5 lwe-silicone ezimotweni ze-ABS ngaphandle kokuba kugunyaziwe.
Khetha uketshezi olufanele nemigqa ngokusekelwe endleleni yakho yokushayela, ulandela imihlahlandlela yomkhiqizi yamabhuleki kanye nezinhlelo ze-ABS/ESC.
Ukufakwa nokulungiswa
Funa usizo lochwepheshe ekufakweni nasekulungiseni. Lungisa izilungiselelo ze-ABS ne-ESC uma izingxenye ezintsha zishintsha umuzwa webhuleki.
Thuthukisa kancane kancane ukuze ugcine ukusingatha okulinganiselayo. Qala ngamaphedi nemigqa, bese wengeza ama-rotor, bese uqedela ngamakhithi amakhulu nama-caliper uma kudingeka.
Izindaba Ezihlobene
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