isiZulu
Kwadalwa ngo Ngokwamukisa
Ukuhlaziywa kweziMimiselo zoKhuseleko lweNkqubo yeBrake kunye neziQinisekiso zaMazwe ngamazwe
Lesi sigaba sinikeza ukubuka okucacile kwezindinganiso zokuphepha kanye nezitifiketi zamazwe ngamazwe zezingxenye zamabhuleki. Lezi zisetshenziswa emigwaqweni yomphakathi nezimoto zokuhweba e-United States nasemhlabeni wonke.
Izindinganiso nezitifiketi zibalulekile ngoba zihlobene nokuphepha. Ziqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zamabhuleki zisebenza kahle, ziyayeka izimoto ngokuphepha, futhi zihlala isikhathi eside. Ziphinde ziqinisekise ukuthi amabhuleki athembekile futhi asebenza kahle ne-ABS/EBD.
Baningi abantu ababandakanyeka kule ndawo. Lokhu kufaka abakhiqizi bezimoto njengeBosch neBrembo, nabahlinzeki be-aftermarket. Izindawo zokuhlola njengeSouthwest Research Institute, kanye neziphathimandla njengeNHTSA neUNECE nazo zidlala indima enkulu. Abasabalalisi, izitolo zokulungisa, abaphathi bezimoto ezinkampanini, nabathengi nabo bonke babalulekile.
Ubufakazi buyasiza lapho uthenga izingxenye zamabhuleki. Buthinta iziqinisekiso, ukuthi imoto ibiza malini, nomshwalense. Baphinde basize ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimoto ezinkampanini ziphephile futhi bakhe ukwethenjwa nabathengi.
Izi zokuphepha zezimoto zaseFederal (FMVSS), izindinganiso ze-ISO, isiqondiso sezobuchwepheshe se-SAE, kanye nemithetho ye-UNECE konke kuzohlolwa kulesi sihloko. Izinga lomhlaba wonke, izidingo zobuchwepheshe nemibhalo, nezinqubo zokuqinisekisa nazo zizobandakanyeka. Sizoxoxa ngemiphumela esebenzayo ebhizinisini nasekuvikelekeni ngenkathi siqhathanisa izingxenye ze-OEM nezingxenye ezishintshayo.
Izinga Lomhlaba Wonke Lokuphepha Elilawula Izingxenye Zamabhuleki Ezimoto
Imithetho yomhlaba wonke ibumba indlela izingxenye zezimoto ezenziwa ngayo nokuhlolwa kwazo. Zihlanganisa konke kusukela ezingeni lezinto ezibonakalayo kuya ekuvikelekeni kumagetsi amabhuleki. Lezi zindinganiso zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izimoto zihlangabezana namazinga aphezulu okuvikeleleka.
Overview of international regulatory bodies (UNECE, ISO, SAE)
I-UNECE kanye ne-World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29) yayo yenza imithetho efana ne-ECE R13. Le mithetho ibeka amazinga ama-brake ezimotweni nelama-lori. Zihlanganisa izinhlelo zemishini, ezamanzi, kanye nezithuthukisiwe njenge-ABS ne-ESC.
I-ISO igxila ekuqineni kwekhwalithi nokuphepha ezingxenyeni zezimoto. I-ISO 9001 imayelana nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi. I-ISO 26262 ingeyokuphepha ezinhlelweni zikagesi ezithinta ama-brake.
I-SAE International ishicilela amaphepha ezobuchwepheshe neziqondiso. I-SAE J-specs ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa nezinto zezingxenye zamabhuleki. Onjiniyela basebenzisa iziqondiso ze-SAE ukuhlangabezana namazinga okuphepha.
Umazinga asebenza kanjani ezindaweni ezahlukene zezimoto
Amabhuleki ezimoto, amaloli, amabhasi, nezithuthuthu anezidingo ezahlukene. Uma imoto inzima, idinga amandla amaningi okumisa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthi ingakwazi ukumisa kahle kangakanani, iphathe ukushisa, futhi ibe nebhuleki elihle lokupaka.
Izimoto ezisindayo kumele zidlule ezivivinyweni eziqinile. Izimoto zokuhweba kumele zihlangabezane namazinga aqinile okubopha nokuzinza. Izithuthuthu zinezidingo ezihlukile zamabhuleki ngenxa yamaloli azo amabili namajubane ahlukene okushisa.
Umehluko phakathi kwemithetho yesifunda: I-Europe, iNyakatho Melika, i-Asia
E-Yurophu, imithetho ye-UNECE ibalulekile. I-Yurophu iphinde ilandele izindinganiso ze-ISO nezimboni. I-EU ihlola ukuthobela ngokuqapha imakethe.
E-U.S. naseCanada, i-FMVSS isetha izindinganiso zokuphepha. Abakhiqizi bavame ukuziqinisekisa, besekelwa ukuhlolwa nemibhalo. I-Canada inemithetho yayo neziqondiso, ezitholakala nge-imithombo kahulumeni.
I-Asia ihlanganisa imithetho ye-UNECE neyezayo. IJapane inemithetho yayo, kanti iChina ihambela kude ezindinganisweni zomhlaba wonke. Lokhu okuhlukahlukene kuthinta indlela izingxenye zamabhuleki eziqinisekiswa futhi zithengiswa ngayo.
Abakhiqizi bezimoto ezinkulu bavame ukwenza izingxenye ngokwemigomo eqine kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, bangathengisa izingxenye ezifanayo ezindaweni eziningi ngaphandle kokuphula imithetho.
izingxenye zamabhuleki ezimoto: Izidingo Ezibalulekile Nemibandela Yokuhambisana
Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha ezingxenyeni zamabhuleki ezimoto kuqala ngemigomo ecacile. Izinhlelo zamabhuleki kumele zinikeze amandla aqinile okumisa, zihlale isikhathi eside, futhi zivikele ama-rotor. Kumele futhi zilingane nesisindo sezimoto nokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani. Kubalulekile ukuba nemiphumela yokuhlolwa ekhombisa ukuthi lezi zingxenye zisebenza kahle ngaphansi kwengcindezi.
Amabhuleki adinga ukusebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene. Kufanele aguge ngesivinini esibikezelwayo futhi angalimazi ama-rotor kakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhuleki, ngayinye inamandla nobuthakathaka bayo.
Ama-rotor nama-discs enziwa ngezinto ezibhekana kahle nokushisa. Izimoto eziningi zisebenzisa ama-rotor enziwe ngensimbi (cast iron) ngoba aqinile futhi akwazi ukubhekana nokushisa. Kodwa-ke, izimoto ezisebenza kakhulu zingasebenzisa ama-rotor enziwe ngensimbi (steel) nomaama-rotor enziwe nge-compositeukuze kuncishiswe isisindo futhi ziphole ngokushesha.
Ama-caliper nezinto zokubopha kufanele aqine futhi angagqoli. Ama-caliper enziwe ngensimbi (cast iron) alungele ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Ama-caliper enziwe nge-aluminium alula, okungcono ezimotweni ezisheshayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi lezi zingxenye zivale kahle futhi zingagqoli.
Imigqa namapayipi amabhuleki adinga ukudlula izivivinyo zokuqhuma, ukukhathala, nokuhlikihla. Kufanele zisebenze nezinhlobo ezithile zama-brake fluid. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi zingabhekana nomfutho futhi zihlale isikhathi eside.
Izingxenye zikagesi ezifana nezinsiza ze-ABS kanye nezimoduli kumele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezithile. Kumele zisebenze kahle nezinye izingxenye futhi zilandele imithetho yokuphepha. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukhona okungahambi kahle ngemikhono yokumisa noma ukulawula ukuhamba kwemoto.
Izidingo zezinto zokwakha kanye nokusebenza kwezingxenye zesistimu yamabhuleki
Abakhiqizi kufanele banikeze imininingwane eningiliziwe mayelana nezinto ezisetshenzisiwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthi ama-rotor enziwe ngani nokuthi aphathwe kanjani. Abakhiqizi bamaphedi kudingeka babelane ngolwazi mayelana nendlela amaphedi asebenza ngayo nokuthi ahlala isikhathi esingakanani.
Izinqubo zokuhlola ama-rotor, amaphedi, ama-caliper, nemigqa
Ama-rotor ahlolwa ukuthi aphatha kanjani ukushisa futhi noma ayagoba noma aqhekeka. Amaphedi ahlolwa ukubona ukuthi asebenza kanjani ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Ama-caliper nemigqa ayahlolwa ukuthi ayavuza yini nokuthi avala kanjani kahle.
Imigqa namapayipi amabhuleki ahlolwa ukuthi aphatha kanjani ingcindezi futhi noma avumela uketshezi ukuthi ludlule. Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zisebenza kahle ezimweni ezahlukene.
Ukuhlola izinhlelo zamabhuleki njengengqikithi kubalulekile. Kuhlola ukuthi izingxenye zonke zisebenza kanjani ndawonye. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthi imoto iyama kahle kangakanani nokuthi amabhuleki asebenza kahle yini ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo.
Izilindelo zokubhalwa kwemibhalo nokulandelelwa kwabakhiqizi
Ukuqonda izinto ezisetshenzisiwe nemvelaphi yazo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokulandelelwa. Ukugcina imibhalo yokukhiqizwa nokuhlolwa kwezingxenye kubalulekile. Lokhu kusiza ezicelweni zewaranti nasekubuyisweni kwezimpahla.
Abakhiqizi kumele bagcine amarekhodi aphelele ezimpahleni zabo. Amarekhodi okuphepha nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi yizibonelo zalokhu. Le mibhalo isiza ezivivinyweni nasekuvunyelweni komkhiqizo emingceleni yamazwe omhlaba.
Ingxenye | Izivivinyo Ezibalulekile | Imibhalo Edingekayo | Izinhloso Zokuhambisana Ezijwayelekile |
Amabhuleki Amabhuleki | Ukubola/ukubuyiselwa kwe-Dynamometer, izinga lokuguga, i-NVH, ukulungiswa kwemvelo | Idatha yezinto, amagrafu okungqubuzana, imibiko yokuguga, i-COA | Isilinganiso sokungqubuzana esizinzile, ukuguguleka okuphansi kwe-rotor, ukuguga okwamukelekayo |
Ama-Rotors/ama-discs | Ukwethuka okushisayo, ukugijima & i-TV, ukukhathala, amandla okushisa | Umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-mill, iphrofayili yokuqina, imibiko yokuhlola ubukhulu | Ukugijima okuncane, ukuhluka kobukhulu obulawulwayo, ukumelana nokuqhekeka |
Ama-Calipers & ihadiwe | Ingcindezi/ukuqhaqhazela, ukukhuthazela kwe-piston seal, ukugqwala, imijikelezo yokusebenza | Izitifiketi zezinto, imininingwane yokugqoka, amalogi wokuhlola asebenzayo | Ubuqotho besitifiketi, amandla omshini, ukumelana nokugqwala |
Imigqa & ama-hoses | Ukuqubuka/ukukhathala, ukungena kwamanzi, ukuguguleka, ukuhambisana noketshezi | Imibhalo yesilinganiso sokuqubuka, ukwakheka kwezinto, amarekhodi okuvivinywa kokuqubuka | Umkhawulo wokuqubuka ocacisiwe, ukuhambisana noketshezi, ukuvikelwa ekugugulekeni |
Izingxenye zikagesi | I-EMC, ukuqinisekiswa kokuphepha komsebenzi, ukuhlola ukulinganisa | Ikesi lokuphepha kwesofthiwe, amalogi okuvivinywa, amarekhodi okulinganisa | Ukuvumelana ne-ISO 26262, ukuphuma kwezinzwa okuhambisanayo, ukuhambisana kwe-EMC |
Izitifiketi Zamazwe Ngamazwe zezingxenye zesistimu yamabhuleki
Ukuthola izingxenye zamabhuleki ezimoto emakethe kudinga izitifiketi ezaziwayo zamazwe ngamazwe. Lezi zimvume zikhombisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana namazinga okuphepha nekhwalithi. Zisuka ezidingweni zikahulumeni zase-U.S. ziye ezimvumelwaneni ze-UNECE ezisetshenziswa eYurophu nasezindaweni eziningi.
Izitifiketi ezijwayelekile nokuthi zisho ukuthini
Izindinganiso ze-FMVSS, eziqhutshwa yi-NHTSA, zibeka imithetho yamabhuleki ezimoto. Ukuhlangabezana ne-FMVSS 135 noma i-FMVSS 121 kubonisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nemithetho yezokuphepha yase-U.S. yamabhuleki.
Imithetho ye-UNECE njenge-ECE R13 ibeka izindinganiso zokusebenza zamabhuleki ezimotweni. I-ECE R90 igxila kumaliningi, amadumbe, nama-disc amabhuleki, iqinisekisa ukuthi afana nokusebenza kwezinto zangempela. Ukungena emakethe yaseYurophu kuvame ukudinga lezi zimvume.
Imibhalo ye-ISO neye-ISO/TS ihlanganisa izinhlelo zokuphatha nokuphepha. I-ISO 9001 ibonisa uhlelo lokuphatha kwekhwalithi. I-ISO 26262 ibhekana nokuphepha ezinhlelweni zamabhuleki ezinezingxenye zikagesi. I-IATF 16949 ingeyezinhlelo zokuphatha kwekhwalithi zezimoto, isiza abahlinzeki ukuthi bathole izinkontileka ze-OEM.
Izinqubo zokuqinisekiswa nezikhathi ezijwayelekile
Izicelo, ukuhanjiswa kwefayela lobuchwepheshe, ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri, ukuhlolwa kwezimoto, ukuhlolwa kwefektri, nokukhishwa kwesitifiketi zonke izinyathelo enqqubo yokuqinisekiswa. Ngemuva kwalokho, kunezinsipho ezivamile zokugcina amazinga okukhiqiza.
Ubunzima buchaza ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani. Kungathatha amasonto noma izinyanga ukuqedela ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokuhlolwa okubanzi kanye nezingqinamba, ukuthola imvume ephelele yohlobo lwesistimu entsha kungathatha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweyishumi nesishiyagalombili.
Ukuhluleka kokuhlolwa, amaphepha alahlekile, noma izinkinga ezitholakala phakathi nezingqinamba yizimbangela ezijwayelekile zokuphazamiseka. Ukugwema ukuphazamiseka, abakhiqizi kufanele balungiselele ukulungiswa kanye nokuhlolwa kabusha.
Indima yamalabhorethri ezinkampani zangaphandle kanye nemizimba yokuqinisekisa
Amalabhorethri azimele njenge-Intertek, TÜV, SGS, kanye ne-AVL enza ukuhlolwa futhi anikeze imibiko eyemukelwa abalawuli kanye nama-OEM. Ukusebenzisa amalabhorethri anesitifiketi se-ISO/IEC 17025 kwenza imiphumela yokuhlolwa ithembeke kakhudlwana.
Imizimba yokuqinisekisa kanye nemizimba eyazisiwe yenza izilinganiso, ibuke ukuhlolwa, kanye nezingqinamba. Imvume yabo yandisa ukwethembeka kubahlinzeki be-aftermarket futhi kusiza izingxenye zamabhuleki ze-OEM kanye nezingxenye zamabhuleki ezisebenza kahle ukuthi zifinyelele izimakethe zomhlaba wonke.
Ezinkampanini ezithengisa izingxenye zamabhuleki ze-OEM neze-aftermarket, ubufakazi benkampani yangaphandle busheshisa ukugunyazwa futhi buhlisa ubungozi kumthengi. Kubonisa ikhwalithi ehambisanayo kuwo wonke umkhiqizo.
Izingxenye zamabhuleki ze-Aftermarket vs OEM: Izinto Okufanele Zicatshangelwe Ekufakweni Isitifiketi
Ukukhetha ingxenye yamabhuleki efanele kuncike ekufakweni isitifiketi, ukulandelelwa, nokuhlolwa. Abathengi nabaphathi bezimoto kudingeka baqonde ukuthi izingxenye ze-aftermarket zihlangabezana kanjani namazinga. Izingxenye ze-OEM zinenkambo yazo. Amarekhodi acacile nemibiko yenkampani yangaphandle kubalulekile ukuthi abafaki nabasabalalisi bahlangabezane nezidingo zomthetho nezokuvikeleka.
Indlela izingxenye zamabhuleki ze-aftermarket ezilwela ukuthobela imithetho
Abakhiqizi be-Aftermarket balandela imithetho efana ne-ECE R90 eYurophu noma i-FMVSS e-US. Basebenzisa izindlu zokuhlola ezizimele ukuze bahlole ukungqubuzana, ukuguga, nokushisa. Abanye bathembele ekuzimemezeleni kwabo nemibiko yokuhlola. Izinhlobo eziphezulu nazo zihlola i-NVH, ukukhuthala, nokujikeleza kokushisa ukuze zibonise ukuthi zinhle noma zingcono.
Bagogoda ekulawuleni uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kanye nezinhlelo zekhwalithi ezifana ne-IATF 16949 noma i-ISO 9001. Abasabalalisi namakhasimende ezimoto ezinkulu afuna izinhlobo ezinemibhalo yebhechi, izitifiketi zezinto, kanye nezinqamuleli zokuhlola.
Ukuqhathanisa izingxenye zamabhuleki e-OEM nezingxenye zamabhuleki ezishintshayo ekuqinisweni nasekhwalithini
Izingxenye ze-OEM zenziwa ngokwemibhalo yomenzi wezimoto futhi zihloliwe emotweni. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukulawula okuqinile komphakeli nokulandelelwa okuphelele. Izimvume zezimoto zivame ukudinga izingxenye ze-OEM ukuze kulungiswe.
Ububanzi bezingxenye zamabhuleki ezishintshwayo buqala kumikhiqizo ephezulu efana ne-Brembo ne-Bosch kuya ezinkethweni ezibiza kancane. Izingxenye ezinhle ezishintshwayo zingafana noma zidlule amazinga e-OEM futhi zinikeze idatha yokuqinisekisa. Izingxenye ezingabizi zingase zibe nokuhlolwa okunganele noma ukulandelelwa, okuholela ukuguga okungalingani, ukulimala kwe-rotor, noma ukumiswa okubi.
Izingxenye zamabhuleki ezenzelwe ukusebenza okungcono zingase zingalandeli imibhalo ye-OEM. Zihlose ukukhulisa amandla okushisa noma ukuluma kwe-pad. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlolwa okukhethekile nokudalulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-ABS calibration kanye nebhalansi yamabhuleki kuphephile.
Imithelela ekuvikelweni, esibophelelayo, nasekuvikelekeni komgwaqo
Ukusebenzisa izingxenye zamabhuleki ezingaqinisekisiwe noma ezingafanele kungase kuqede iziqinisekiso futhi kwandise isibopho ekuhlolweni kwezingozi. Izikhathi ezinde zokumisa, umuzwa ongalingani we-pedal, nokushabalala kwamabhuleki ngaphansi kwengcindezi kungabangelwa yizingxenye ezingezinhle. Ukuphepha kuthintwa ngqo yalezi zinkinga.
Ukunciphisa ubungozi bezomthetho, abafaki nabasabalalisi kufanele balondoloze amarekhodi okufakwa, i-torque log, kanye nokulandelelwa kwezingxenye. Amakhasimende kufanele afune imibiko yokuhlola, akhethe amabhrendi adumile, futhi aqashe ochwepheshe abanekhono ukufaka nokulungisa izingxenye. Lezi zenzo zithuthukisa ukusebenza kwezingxenye zamabhuleki ezimoto futhi zivikela iziqinisekiso.
Izindlela Zokuhlola Nokuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi Kwezingxenye Zesistimu Yamabhuleki
Izindlela zokuhlola ziqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zamabhuleki ezimoto ziyathembeka futhi aziguquguquki. Lokhu kufaka phakathi umsebenzi welebhu, izivivinyo zezimoto, kanye nezilawuli zesistimu. Lezi zinyathelo zisiza abakhiqizi nabahlinzeki ukuthi baqinisekise ukusebenza kwezingxenye zamabhuleki.
Izinqubo zezindawo zokuhlola ezokushisa, ukungqubuzana, ukuguga, nokubekezelela
Ukuhlolwa kokushisa kuhlola ukuthi izingxenye zibhekana kanjani nokushisa. Amadynamometer amabhuleki ahlola ukuthi izinto zibhekana kanjani nokumiswa okuphindaphindiwe.
Ukuhlolwa kokungqubuzana kuhlola ukuthi izingxenye zibambelela kanjani emgwaqweni. Izindawo zokuhlola zilingisa ukubopha amabhuleki ukuze kutholwe ukuthi izinto zisebenza kanjani.
Ukuhlolwa kokuguga kubikezela ukuthi izingxenye zizohlala isikhathi esingakanani. Kubuye kuhlale ukudluliswa kwezinto nokugqwala. Izivivinyo zokubekezelela zilingisa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside ukuze kutholwe ukukhathala komshini.
Izivivinyo ze-NVH nokufakwa ziqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zisebenza ngokuthula futhi zilunge kahle. Zivimbela ukukhala futhi ziqinisekisa ukuhambisana.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwangempela kanye nokuhlolwa kwensimu
Izivivinyo zezimoto zihlola ukuthi amabhuleki ayayeka kanjani ezimweni ezahlukene. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isimo sezulu esimanzi, esibandayo, nesishisayo. Izivivinyo ziphinde zihlanganise ukubopha amabhuleki esimo esiphuthumayo kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-ABS/ESC.
Izivivinyo zemikhumbi ziqoqa idatha yokuguga nokugcinwa. Zisiza ukuqonda ukuthi izingxenye zisebenza kanjani ekusebenziseni kwangempela. Ukubhalisa kwedatha kubamba izilinganiso ezibalulekile njengamajubane amabhuleki nebanga lokumisa.
Izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwekhwalithi nokuqapha okuqhubekayo
Abakhiqizi balandela amazinga e-IATF 16949 kanye ne-ISO 9001. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ekwakhiweni, ekukhiqizeni, nasekuqondisweni kwabahlinzeki. Ukulawulwa kwezinqubo zezibalo kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kubalulekile.
Ukuqapha ngemva kokungena emakethe kulandelela ukusebenza komkhiqizo. Ukuhlaziywa kwewaranti nokuhlaziywa kwezinkinga zasensimini kusiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi. Ukulandelelwa kwesigaba sebhechi kuvumela ukubuyisa okusheshayo uma kudingeka.
Ukuthuthuka kuvela ekuhlaziyeni izinkinga kanye nokuhlolwa okuqinile kwabahlinzeki. Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngokuhlola, bona leuhlu lokuhlola.
Isigaba Sokuhlola | Okugxilwe Kukho Okuyinhloko | Imishini Ejwayelekile | Isilinganiso Esibalulekile |
I-Thermal | Ukuqoqwa nokudluliswa kokushisa | I-Brake dynamometer, amakhamera ashisayo | Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, imijikelezo yokubuna/yokululama |
Ukungqubuzana | Ukuqina kwe-coefficient ngaphezu kwezimo | I-Friction dynamometer, izindawo ezizungezile | Inani le-Mu kuwo wonke amazinga okushisa/isivinini |
Ukuguga | Ukuphila isikhathi eside nokudluliswa kwezinto | Izindawo zokuhlola ukuguga, iphrofayili | Ukulahleka kwesisindo, ukuklwebheka kwendawo, izinga lokuguga |
Ukukhuthazela & Ukukhathala | Impilo ende yemishini ne-hydraulic | Izinsiza zokuhamba ngebhayisikili, izindawo zokuhlola i-hydraulic | Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili kuze kube ukwehluleka, ubuqotho besitampu |
NVH & Ukufakwa | Umsindo kanye nokuhambisana kwezingxenye | Amakamelo omsindo, i-CMM | Amazinga e-SPL, izilinganiso zobukhulu |
Ukuqinisekiswa Ensimini | Ukusebenza kokumisa emhlabeni wangempela | Izimoto ezineziqinisekiso, i-telemetry | Ibanga lokumisa, ukugqoka ngesikhathi sokusebenza |
Izinhlelo Zokwakha | Ukulawulwa kwezinqubo nokulandela | Isofthiwe ye-SPC, i-ERP, amathuluzi wokuhlola | Izinga le-PPM, isikhathi sokuphothula i-CAPA |
Imiphumela kubakhiqizi, abahlinzeki, kanye nabathengi bezingxenye zeMikhono Yokumisa
Abakhiqizi kumele bagxile ekwakheni imikhiqizo ehambisana nezindinganiso eziqinile kuqala. Lokhu kusho ukuklama izingxenye zokumisa ngokucabangela imithetho. Ngokwenza lokhu, bangaqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zabo zihlangabezana nezindinganiso zomhlaba.
Ukutshala imali ezinhlelweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu nokuhlolwa kuyisihluthulelo. Le ndlela isiza ukugwema ukuklanywa kabusha okubizayo futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zisebenza kahle ezimakethe ezahlukene. Kubalulekile ukubeka isabelomali sesikhathi nomzamo odingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zindinganiso.
Ukukhetha amazinga aphezulu kungavula ukuthengisa okwengeziwe emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, kudinga umsebenzi omningi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amafayela obuchwepheshe anemininingwane, ukulandelela abahlinzeki, nemibiko yaselebhu.
Abahlinzeki kufanele bahlolwe njalo. Badinga ukukhombisa ukuthi izinto zivela kuphi futhi banikeze imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile.
Abasabalalisi kanye nezitolo zokulungisa kufanele bafune abahlinzeki abanezitifiketi ezicacile. Ukukhetha izingxenye ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezifakazelwe kunganciphisa ubungozi. Ochwepheshe badinga ukuqeqeshwa ukuze bagweme izinkinga ngamabhuleki.
Abathengi kanye nabaphathi bezimoto kufanele bakhethe izingxenye ezinemininingwane eqinile yokuhlolwa noma ezivela kumikhiqizo ethembekile. Ukuhlola njalo kanye nokulandela izikhathi zesevisi ye-brake fluid kusiza ukugcina amabhuleki esebenza kahle. Kodwa-ke, izingxenye ezingalungile noma ukufakwa okungalungile kungase kubhubhise iziqinisekiso futhi kuholele ezinkingeni zomthetho.
Nansi into okufanele yenziwe: abakhiqizi kufanele baqale ukusebenza namalabhorethri kusenesikhathi futhi bahlele izivivinyo. Kufanele futhi baqoqe lonke ulwazi lobuchwepheshe oludingekayo. Abathengi kufanele bacele izitifiketi nemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Kufanele futhi bakhethe imikhiqizo eyaziwayo noma izingxenye eziqinisekisiwe.
Ukulandela lezi zinyathelo kusiza ukuhlangabezana nezimfuno zomthetho futhi kwenza imigwaqo iphephe. Kuyasindisa nemali ngokunciphisa izicelo zewaranti futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zisebenza njengoba kulindelekile.
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